Extracting the essential oil of Mentha longifolia plant flower and leave by methods of steam distillation and water distillation & investigating their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties

Document Type : Research paper

Authors

1 Chemical Engineering Department, Shahid Bahoner University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

2 Chemical Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

3 Faculty of Iranian Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Objective:  Mentha longifolia, from the Lamiaceae family, is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate the composition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of five bacterial strains, as well as the antioxidant capacity of essential oil obtained from Mentha longifolia flowers and leaves using the steam distillation (SD) method, and compare it with the conventional hydrodistillation (HD) method.
Materials and methods: First essential oils from Mentha longifolia flowers and leaves were extracted using SD and HD methods. Then antioxidant activity of the extracted oil using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical inhibition method, and antimicrobial properties by assessing the MIC and MBC of 5 bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method were investigated, and the essential oil compositions of Mentha longifolia flowers and leaves were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Results: The yield of essential oil extraction for Mentha longifolia flowers and leaves using the SD method was 0.9915 ± 0.0909% and 1.6361 ± 0.0346%, respectively, and for the HD method, it was 1.035 ± 0.130% and 1.6503 ± 0.0186%, respectively, based on the weight of essential oil to the weight of the dry raw material. The IC50 values (Half maximal inhibitory concentration) for antioxidant activity for Mentha longifolia leaves and flowers were 247.7 and 427.8, respectively, using the HD method, and 370.2 and 438.9 µg/mL  using the SD method.  MIC and MBC values for the flower oils were lower than those for the leaf oils, but there was no significant difference between the (SD , HD) methods for either the leaf or flower oils when the bacterial strains were the same. Pulegone was the main compound identified in both Mentha longifolia  flowers and leaves.
Conclusions: According to the results, changes in HD and SD extraction methods had a significant effect on the antioxidant activity but had not significant effect on the antimicrobial activity of the flower and leaves of Mentha longifolia essential oils. In the same extraction methods, leaves essential oils exhibited stronger antioxidant activity, while flowers essential oils demonstrated stronger antimicrobial activity.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Separation Science and Engineering
Volume 17, Issue 1
June 2025
Pages 13-36

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