[1] A. Alkhudhiri, N. Darwish, N. Hilal. ، "Produced water treatment: Application of air gap membrane distillation،" Desalination، 309، pp. 46-51، 2013.
[2] M. Khayet، "Membranes and theoretical modeling of membrane distillation: a review،" Advances in colloid and interface science، pp. 164, 56-88، 2011.
[3] Hitsov, I., Eykens, L., De Schepper, W., De Sitter, K., Dotremont, C., & Nopens, I.، "Full-scale direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) model including membrane compaction effects،" Journal of Membrane Science، 524، pp. 245-256، 2017.
[4] Alklaibi, A. M., & Lior, N.، "Membrane-distillation desalination: status and potential،" Desalination، 171(2)، pp. 111-131، 2005.
[5] Al-Obaidani, S., Curcio, E., Macedonio, F., Di Profio, G., Al-Hinai, H., & Drioli, E.، "Potential of membrane distillation in seawater desalination: thermal efficiency, sensitivity study and cost estimation،" Journal of Membrane Science، . 323، pp. 85-98، 2008.
[6] Ashoor, B. B., Mansour, S., Giwa, A., Dufour, V., & Hasan, S. W. ، "Principles and applications of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD): A comprehensive review،" Desalination، . 398، pp. 222-246، 2016.
[7] Drioli, E., Ali, A., Lee, Y. M., Al-Sharif, S. F., Al-Beirutty, M., & Macedonio, F.، " Membrane operations for produced water treatment،" Desalination and Water Treatment، . 57(31)، pp. 14317-14335، 2016.
[8] Wang, P., & Chung, T. S، " Recent advances in membrane distillation processes: Membrane development, configuration design and application exploring،" Journal of Membrane Science، pp. 39-56، 2015.
[9]Boukhriss, M., Zhani, K., & Bacha, H. B. ، " Optimization of membrane distillation (MD) technology for specific application desalination،" The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology، pp. 1-12، 2016.
[10] Alklaibi, A. M., & Lior, N، "Membrane-distillation desalination: status and potential،" Desalination، . 171(2)، pp. 111-131، 2005.
[11] Chouikh, R.; Bouguecha, S.; Dhahbi, M، " Modelling of a modified air gap distillation membrane for the desalination of seawater،" Desalination، . 181، pp. 257-265، 2005.
[12] Khayet, M., Godino, P., & Mengual, J. I، " Journal of membrane Science،" Theory and experiments on sweeping gas membrane distillation، . 165(2)، pp. 261-272، 2000.
[13] Qtaishat, M. R., & Banat, F، " Desalination by solar powered membrane distillation systems،" Desalination، pp. 186-197، 2013.
[14] A. Alkhudhiri, N. Darwish, N. Hilal، " Produced water treatment: Application of air gap membrane distillation،" Desalination، . 309، pp. 46-51، 2013.
[15] Le, N. L., & Nunes, S. P، "Materials and membrane technologies for water and energy sustainability،" Sustainable Materials and Technologies، . 7، pp. 1-28، 2016.
[16] Lee, J. G., Kim, Y. D., Kim, W. S., Francis, L., Amy, G., & Ghaffour, N.، " Performance modeling of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) seawater desalination process using a commercial composite membrane،" Journal of Membrane Science، . 478، pp. 85-95، 2015.
[17] Singh, R., & Hankins, N. ، Emerging Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water Treatment، Elsevier، 2016.
[18] Alkhudhiri, A., Darwish, N., & Hilal, N، "Membrane distillation: a comprehensive review،" Desalination، . 287، pp. 2-18، 2012.
[19] Al-Obaidani, S., Curcio, E., Macedonio, F., Di Profio, G., Al-Hinai, H., & Drioli, E، " Potential of membrane distillation in seawater desalination: thermal efficiency, sensitivity study and cost estimation،" Journal of Membrane Science، . 323(1)، pp. 85-98، 2008.
[20] H. W. Chung، "Membrane distillation for high salinity desalination (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)،" Massachusetts Institute of Technology، 2015.
[21] Xu, J., Singh, Y. B., Amy, G. L., & Ghaffour, N، "Effect of operating parameters and membrane characteristics on air gap membrane distillation performance for the treatment of highly saline water،" Journal of Membrane Science، . 512، pp. 73-82، 2016.
[22] Rao, G., & Li, Y، "Feasibility study of flowback/produced water treatment using direct-contact membrane distillation،" Desalination and Water Treatment، pp. 1-14، 2015.
[23] Tufa, R. A., Curcio, E., Brauns, E., van Baak, W., Fontananova, E., & Di Profio, G، "Membrane distillation and reverse electrodialysis for near-zero liquid discharge and low energy seawater desalination،" Journal of Membrane Science، . 496، pp. 325-33، 2015.
[24] Koeman-Stein, N. E., Creusen, R. J. M., Zijlstra, M., Groot, C. K., & van den Broek, W. B. P، "Membrane distillation of industrial cooling tower blowdown water،" Water Resources and Industry، 2016.
[25] Elsayed, N. A., Barrufet, M. A., & El-Halwagi, M. M.، " An integrated approach for incorporating thermal membrane distillation in treating water in heavy oil recovery using SAGD،" Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources، . 12، pp. 6-14، 2015.
[26] Burnett, D. B., & Siddiqui, M، "Recovery of fresh water resources from desalination of brine produced during oil and gas production operations،" Texas Engineering Experiment Station، 2006.
[27] Çakmakce, M., Kayaalp, N., & Koyuncu, I، "Desalination of produced water from oil production fields by membrane processes،" Desalination، . 222، pp. 176-186، 2008.
[28] S. H. A. M. J. M. D. R. &. J. A. Adham، "Application of membrane distillation for desalting brines from thermal desalination plants،" Desalination، . 134، pp. 101-108، 2013.
[29] Chen, L., Xu, Q., Gossage, J. L., & Lou, H. H. ، "Simulation and economic evaluation of a coupled thermal vapor compression desalination process for produced water management،" Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering، . 36، pp. 442-453، 2016.
[30] Guerra, K., Dahm, K., & Dundorf, S، "Oil and gas produced water management and beneficial use in the Western United States،" US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation، USA، 2011.
[31] Fakhru’l-Razi, A., Pendashteh, A., Abdullah, L. C., Biak, D. R. A., Madaeni, S. S., & Abidin, Z. Z، "Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment،" Journal of hazardous materials، . 170(2)، pp. 530-551، 2009.
[32] A. Asghedom، "Iran’s petroleum production expected to increase as sanctions are lifted،" U.S Energy Imformation Administration، 19 January 2016. Available: http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=24592 .
[33] Aghdasinia, H., & Farahani, F. J.، "The Evaluation of Development Scenarios Concerning Produced Water Management in an Iranian Oilfield،" Petroleum Science and Technology، . 28(15)، pp. 1586-1597، 2010.
[34] Hitsov, I., Maere, T., De Sitter, K., Dotremont, C., & Nopens, I. ، " Modelling approaches in membrane distillation: A critical review،" Separation and Purification Technology، . 142، pp. 48-64، 2015.
[35] Termpiyakul, P., Jiraratananon, R., & Srisurichan, S. ، " Heat and mass transfer characteristics of a direct contact membrane distillation process for desalination،" Desalination، . 177، pp. 133-141، 2005.
[36] Moghaddam Kamrani, P., Bakhtiari, O., Kazemi, P., & Mohammadi, T. ، "Theoretical modeling of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD): effects of operation parameters on flux،" Desalination and Water Treatment، . 56، pp. 2013-2022، 2015.
[37] Rao, G., Hiibel, S. R., & Childress, A. E. ، "Simplified flux prediction in direct-contact membrane distillation using a membrane structural parameter،" Desalination، . 351، pp. 151-162، 2014.
[38] Li, L., & Sirkar, K. K.، "Influence of microporous membrane properties on the desalination performance in direct contact membrane distillation،" Journal of Membrane Science، . 513، pp. 280-293، 2016.
[39] Nagaraj, N., Patil, G., Babu, B. R., Hebbar, U. H., Raghavarao, K. S. M. S., & Nene, S. ، "Mass transfer in osmotic membrane distillation،" Journal of Membrane Science، . 268(1)، pp. 48-56، 2006.
[40] J. &. G. S. Zhang، "Modelling heat and mass transfers in DCMD using compressible membranes،" Journal of membrane science، . 387، pp. 7-16، 2012.
[41] Laganà, F., Barbieri, G., & Drioli, E.، "Direct contact membrane distillation: modelling and concentration experiments،" Journal of Membrane Science، . 166(1)، pp. 1-11.، 2000.
[42] Schofield, R. W., Fane, A. G., & Fell, C. J. D.، "Gas and vapour transport through microporous membranes. I. Knudsen-Poiseuille transition،" Journal of Membrane Science، . 253(1-2)، pp. 159-171، 1990.
[43] Imdakm, A. O., & Matsuura, T. ، "A Monte Carlo simulation model for membrane distillation processes: direct contact (MD)،" Journal of membrane science، . 237(1)، pp. 51-59، 2004.
[44] Khayet, M., Imdakm, A. O., & Matsuura, T. ، "Monte Carlo simulation and experimental heat and mass transfer in direct contact membrane distillation،" International journal of heat and mass transfer، . 53(7)، pp. 1249-1259، 2010.
[45] Qtaishat, M., Matsuura, T., Kruczek, B., & Khayet, M.، "Heat and mass transfer analysis in direct contact membrane distillation،" Desalination، . 219(1)، pp. 272-292، 2008.
[46] S. Geneva، "Desalination for Safe Water Supply: Guidance for the Health and Environmental Aspects Applicable todesalination،" Public health and the environmental world health organization (WHO)، 2007.
[47] T. Pankratz، "Desalination technology trends،" Biennial Report on Seawater Desalination, 2، 2004.
[48] Souhaimi, M. K., & Matsuura، " Membrane distillation: principles and applications،" Elsevier، 2011.
[49] Hussain, A., Minier-Matar, J., Janson, A., & Adham, S، "Treatment of produced water from oil & gas operations by Membrane Distillation،" In Proceedings of the 4th International Gas Processing Symposium، Qatar، October 2014 .
[50] Yang, X., Fane, A. G., & Wang, R، "Membrane Distillation: Now and Future،" Desalination: Water from Water، pp. 373-424، 2013.
[51] Khayet, M., & Matsuura, T، "Economics, Energy Analysis and Costs Evaluation in MD-Chapter 15،" membrane Distillation، 2011.
[52] Shaffer, D. L., Arias Chavez, L. H., Ben-Sasson, M., Romero-Vargas Castrillón, S., Yip, N. Y., & Elimelech, M، "Desalination and reuse of high-salinity shale gas produced water: drivers, technologies, and future directions،" Environmental science، 2013.
[53] Kesieme, U. K., Milne, N., Aral, H., Cheng, C. Y., & Duke, M، " Economic analysis of desalination technologies in the context of carbon pricing, and opportunities for membrane distillation،" Desalination، . 323، pp. 666-74، 2013.
[54] Macedonio, F., Ali, A., Poerio, T., El-Sayed, E., Drioli, E., & Abdel-Jawad, M، "Direct contact membrane distillation for treatment of oilfield produced water،" Separation and Purification Technology، . 126، pp. 69-81، 2014.